Running Unity WebGL with ASP.NET Core

Page update date : Friday, September 29, 2023

Page creation date : Thursday, March 24, 2022

Verification environment

Windows

Windows 11

Unity Editor

2020.3.25f1

Visual Studio

Visual Studio 2022

ASP.NET Core

ASP.NET Core 6.0

Internet Information Services (IIS)

IIS 10.0

At first

Learn how to run a game output as WebGL in Unity on a web server running ASP.NET Core. For game programs, use the ones output in the tips steps below. The game example uses the 2D Platformer Microgame, which can be created from the Unity Hub.

Output a web-optimized (WebGL) game

I will explain how to set up "Uncompressed WebGL", "WebGL compressed with Gzip", and "WebGL compressed with Brotli" to run WebGL games. The procedure is the same for all of them.

We're using Visual Studio 2022, ASP.NET Core 6.0, but older versions will probably work. However, the structure of the initial code is different for each version, so please understand the differences yourself.

Creating a ASP.NET Core Project

Launch "Visual Studio 2022" from the start menu.

Select Create New Project.

This time, select "ASP.NET Core Web App" as a sample. If you're running on ASP.NET Core, you can run other templates, but you'll need to follow each template on how to build it.

Set the project name and location arbitrarily.

Leave the additional information as is.

The project has been created.

Run uncompressed WebGL

Prepare a WebGL program created without compression.

Make sure the game works quickly

ASP.NET Try running a WebGL game with fewer settings without following Core etiquette.

In ASP.NET Core, you cannot access some WebGL files emitted by Unity in the default state. Make this accessible.

Program.cs

Open from your Program.cs project. Applies to earlier ASP.NET Core versions Startup.cs .

Add a namespace to the top of the code and replace the following in the code app.UseStaticFiles(); :

// ここから追加
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles;
// ここまで追加

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// --- 省略 ---

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

//app.UseStaticFiles();
// ここから追加
var provider = new FileExtensionContentTypeProvider();
provider.Mappings[".data"] = "application/octet-stream";
provider.Mappings[".wasm"] = "application/wasm";

app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions()
{
  ContentTypeProvider = provider,
});
// ここまで追加

app.UseRouting();

// --- 省略 ---

.data, so that when a file is accessed, .wasm it can be returned to the client with the specified Content-Type .

WebGL Deployment

Place the following file folders from Unity in your project wwwroot .

index.html
Build
TemplateData

Index.cshtmlindex.html Open the link so that you can access it.

<!-- 省略 -->

<div class="text-center">
    <h1 class="display-4">Welcome</h1>
    <p>Learn about <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/core">building Web apps with ASP.NET Core</a>.</p>
</div>

<!-- 追加 -->
<a href="index.html">index.html</a>

Run the program and make sure the game works.

Run a WebGL program on a Razor page

The previous game ran on a static HTML file, so it runs in a place that has nothing to do with ASP.NET Core. It's not very desirable for program uniformity, so we'll move the behavior of the HTML file to Razor Pages.

Right-click the Pages folder from your project to add a new item.

Select Razor Page - Empty. There is no particular name specified, but it is added here WebGL.cshtml .

The code is displayed.

index.html Refer to the contents of the file and port to WebGL.cshtml . link There are some strange points, such as how to place the tag, but I will leave it as it is for the sake of simplicity of explanation.

@page
@model UnityPublishWebglAspNetCore.Pages.WebGLModel
@{
}

<div id="unity-container" class="unity-desktop">
  <canvas id="unity-canvas" width=960 height=600></canvas>
  <div id="unity-loading-bar">
    <div id="unity-logo"></div>
    <div id="unity-progress-bar-empty">
      <div id="unity-progress-bar-full"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="unity-warning"> </div>
  <div id="unity-footer">
    <div id="unity-webgl-logo"></div>
    <div id="unity-fullscreen-button"></div>
    <div id="unity-build-title">Platformer</div>
  </div>
</div>

@section Scripts {
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="TemplateData/favicon.ico">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="TemplateData/style.css">
  <script>
    var container = document.querySelector("#unity-container");
    var canvas = document.querySelector("#unity-canvas");
    var loadingBar = document.querySelector("#unity-loading-bar");
    var progressBarFull = document.querySelector("#unity-progress-bar-full");
    var fullscreenButton = document.querySelector("#unity-fullscreen-button");
    var warningBanner = document.querySelector("#unity-warning");

    // 一時的なメッセージバナー/リボンを数秒間表示するか、
    // type == 'error'の場合はキャンバスの上部に永続的なエラーメッセージを表示します。
    // type == 'warning'の場合、黄色のハイライト色が使用されます。
    // この関数を変更または削除して、重要ではない警告とエラーメッセージがユーザーに表示されるように
    // 視覚的に表示される方法をカスタマイズします。
    function unityShowBanner(msg, type) {
      function updateBannerVisibility() {
        warningBanner.style.display = warningBanner.children.length ? 'block' : 'none';
      }
      var div = document.createElement('div');
      div.innerHTML = msg;
      warningBanner.appendChild(div);
      if (type == 'error') div.style = 'background: red; padding: 10px;';
      else {
        if (type == 'warning') div.style = 'background: yellow; padding: 10px;';
        setTimeout(function() {
          warningBanner.removeChild(div);
          updateBannerVisibility();
        }, 5000);
      }
      updateBannerVisibility();
    }

    var buildUrl = "Build";
    var loaderUrl = buildUrl + "/WebGL.loader.js";
    var config = {
      dataUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL.data",
      frameworkUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL.framework.js",
      codeUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL.wasm",
      streamingAssetsUrl: "StreamingAssets",
      companyName: "DefaultCompany",
      productName: "Platformer",
      productVersion: "2.1.0",
      showBanner: unityShowBanner,
    };

    // デフォルトでは、Unity は WebGL キャンバスレンダリングのターゲットサイズを
    // キャンバス要素の DOM サイズ（window.devicePixelRatio でスケーリング）と一致させます。
    // この同期がエンジン内で発生しないようにする場合は、これを false に設定し、
    // 代わりにサイズを大きくします。 キャンバスの DOM サイズと WebGL は、
    // ターゲットサイズを自分でレンダリングします。
    // config.matchWebGLToCanvasSize = false;

    if (/iPhone|iPad|iPod|Android/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
      container.className = "unity-mobile";
      // モバイルデバイスでフィルレートのパフォーマンスを低下させないようにし、
      // モバイルブラウザで低 DPI モードをデフォルト/オーバーライドします。
      config.devicePixelRatio = 1;
      unityShowBanner('WebGL builds are not supported on mobile devices.');
    } else {
      canvas.style.width = "960px";
      canvas.style.height = "600px";
    }
    loadingBar.style.display = "block";

    var script = document.createElement("script");
    script.src = loaderUrl;
    script.onload = () => {
      createUnityInstance(canvas, config, (progress) => {
        progressBarFull.style.width = 100 * progress + "%";
      }).then((unityInstance) => {
        loadingBar.style.display = "none";
        fullscreenButton.onclick = () => {
          unityInstance.SetFullscreen(1);
        };
      }).catch((message) => {
        alert(message);
      });
    };
    document.body.appendChild(script);
  </script>
}

Index.cshtmlWebGL Add a link to .

<!-- 省略 -->

<div class="text-center">
    <h1 class="display-4">Welcome</h1>
    <p>Learn about <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/core">building Web apps with ASP.NET Core</a>.</p>
</div>

<!-- 追加 -->
<ul>
  <li><a href="index.html">index.html</a></li>
  <li><a href="WebGL">WebGL</a></li>
</ul>

Try to run the program. You can see that the header and footer _Layout.cshtml are displayed on the WebGL page according to .

Change the location of WebGL files

I placed the WebGL file directly under , but this method will overwrite it when you place two or more WebGL wwwroot files. I'll explain how to put this in separate folders and move it.

First of all, create a new folder called "webgl" and move it there. The two folders to Buildbe moved are , TemplateData . index.html I've already ported it to Razor Pages and can safely delete it.

Since WebGL.cshtml we have deepened the folder hierarchy, we will also deepen the path described in . The correction is 3 lines.

Before correction

<link rel="shortcut icon" href="TemplateData/favicon.ico">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="TemplateData/style.css">

    var buildUrl = "Build";

After correction

<link rel="shortcut icon" href="webgl/TemplateData/favicon.ico">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="webgl/TemplateData/style.css">

    var buildUrl = "webgl/Build";

Run the program to see if it works properly.

Running WebGL compressed with Gzip

The extension of the file compressed by Gzip is .gz , and it is a file that can be handled by ASP.NET Core, Unity WebGL Content-Type and are handled differently and require conversion.

First, create a WebGL file deployment and page.

WebGL file placement

wwwrootwebgl-gzip Create a folder under Gzip and copy the , folder from the WebGL file BuildTemplateData you created with Gzip.

Create a Razor Page

This time WebGLGzip.cshtml create the file using the same procedure as when uncompressed.

The code is as follows with reference to Output in index.html Unity. The path matches the folder you created webgl-gzip earlier for the WebGL files.

@page
@model UnityPublishWebglAspNetCore.Pages.WebGLGzipModel
@{
}

<div id="unity-container" class="unity-desktop">
  <canvas id="unity-canvas" width=960 height=600></canvas>
  <div id="unity-loading-bar">
    <div id="unity-logo"></div>
    <div id="unity-progress-bar-empty">
      <div id="unity-progress-bar-full"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="unity-warning"> </div>
  <div id="unity-footer">
    <div id="unity-webgl-logo"></div>
    <div id="unity-fullscreen-button"></div>
    <div id="unity-build-title">Platformer</div>
  </div>
</div>

@section Scripts {
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="webgl-gzip/TemplateData/favicon.ico">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="webgl-gzip/TemplateData/style.css">
  <script>
    var container = document.querySelector("#unity-container");
    var canvas = document.querySelector("#unity-canvas");
    var loadingBar = document.querySelector("#unity-loading-bar");
    var progressBarFull = document.querySelector("#unity-progress-bar-full");
    var fullscreenButton = document.querySelector("#unity-fullscreen-button");
    var warningBanner = document.querySelector("#unity-warning");

    // 一時的なメッセージバナー/リボンを数秒間表示するか、
    // type == 'error'の場合はキャンバスの上部に永続的なエラーメッセージを表示します。
    // type == 'warning'の場合、黄色のハイライト色が使用されます。
    // この関数を変更または削除して、重要ではない警告とエラーメッセージがユーザーに表示されるように
    // 視覚的に表示される方法をカスタマイズします。
    function unityShowBanner(msg, type) {
      function updateBannerVisibility() {
        warningBanner.style.display = warningBanner.children.length ? 'block' : 'none';
      }
      var div = document.createElement('div');
      div.innerHTML = msg;
      warningBanner.appendChild(div);
      if (type == 'error') div.style = 'background: red; padding: 10px;';
      else {
        if (type == 'warning') div.style = 'background: yellow; padding: 10px;';
        setTimeout(function() {
          warningBanner.removeChild(div);
          updateBannerVisibility();
        }, 5000);
      }
      updateBannerVisibility();
    }

    var buildUrl = "webgl-gzip/Build";
    var loaderUrl = buildUrl + "/WebGL_Gzip.loader.js";
    var config = {
      dataUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL_Gzip.data.gz",
      frameworkUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL_Gzip.framework.js.gz",
      codeUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL_Gzip.wasm.gz",
      streamingAssetsUrl: "StreamingAssets",
      companyName: "DefaultCompany",
      productName: "Platformer",
      productVersion: "2.1.0",
      showBanner: unityShowBanner,
    };

    // デフォルトでは、Unity は WebGL キャンバスレンダリングのターゲットサイズを
    // キャンバス要素の DOM サイズ（window.devicePixelRatio でスケーリング）と一致させます。
    // この同期がエンジン内で発生しないようにする場合は、これを false に設定し、
    // 代わりにサイズを大きくします。 キャンバスの DOM サイズと WebGL は、
    // ターゲットサイズを自分でレンダリングします。
    // config.matchWebGLToCanvasSize = false;

    if (/iPhone|iPad|iPod|Android/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
      container.className = "unity-mobile";
      // モバイルデバイスでフィルレートのパフォーマンスを低下させないようにし、
      // モバイルブラウザで低 DPI モードをデフォルト/オーバーライドします。
      config.devicePixelRatio = 1;
      unityShowBanner('WebGL builds are not supported on mobile devices.');
    } else {
      canvas.style.width = "960px";
      canvas.style.height = "600px";
    }
    loadingBar.style.display = "block";

    var script = document.createElement("script");
    script.src = loaderUrl;
    script.onload = () => {
      createUnityInstance(canvas, config, (progress) => {
        progressBarFull.style.width = 100 * progress + "%";
      }).then((unityInstance) => {
        loadingBar.style.display = "none";
        fullscreenButton.onclick = () => {
          unityInstance.SetFullscreen(1);
        };
      }).catch((message) => {
        alert(message);
      });
    };
    document.body.appendChild(script);
  </script>
}

Modify to allow navigation to Index.cshtml this page.

<!-- 省略 -->

<div class="text-center">
    <h1 class="display-4">Welcome</h1>
    <p>Learn about <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/core">building Web apps with ASP.NET Core</a>.</p>
</div>

<!-- 追加 -->
<ul>
  <li><a href="index.html">index.html</a></li>
  <li><a href="WebGL">WebGL</a></li>
  <li><a href="WebGLGzip">WebGLGzip</a></li>
</ul>

Fixing Program.cs

app.UseStaticFiles Modify the part that is processing the method as follows.

Before correction

// ここから追加
var provider = new FileExtensionContentTypeProvider();
provider.Mappings[".data"] = "application/octet-stream";
provider.Mappings[".wasm"] = "application/wasm";

app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions()
{
  ContentTypeProvider = provider,
});
// ここまで追加

After correction

// ここから追加
var provider = new FileExtensionContentTypeProvider();
provider.Mappings[".data"] = "application/octet-stream";
provider.Mappings[".wasm"] = "application/wasm";
provider.Mappings[".br"] = "application/octet-stream";   // .br ファイルにアクセスできるように追加
provider.Mappings[".js"] = "application/javascript";     // 後の変換の為に追加

app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions()
{
  ContentTypeProvider = provider,
  OnPrepareResponse = context =>
  {
    var path = context.Context.Request.Path.Value;
    var extension = Path.GetExtension(path);

    // 「.gz」「.br」ファイルにアクセスした場合は Content-Type と Content-Encoding を設定する
    if (extension == ".gz" || extension == ".br")
    {
      var fileNameWithoutExtension = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path) ?? "";
      if (provider.TryGetContentType(fileNameWithoutExtension, out string? contentType))
      {
        context.Context.Response.ContentType = contentType;
        context.Context.Response.Headers.Add("Content-Encoding", extension == ".gz" ? "gzip" : "br");
      }
    }
  },
});
// ここまで追加

In ASP.NET Core .gz , the file Content-Type application/x-gzip returns with . As it is, Unity WebGL on the client cannot determine it, so .gz I rewrite and return it according to Content-Type the extension of the file that excludes . Content-Encoding I also set it because it gzip is necessary.

By the way, I also put the Brotli code together, so you can use this code as it is in the Brotli correspondence of the next item. Brotli also .br sets rewrite Content-Encoding br to match Content-Type the extension of the file without . However, the file is inaccessible by default in ASP.NET Core,.br so provider.Mappings I added it with .br .

After that, run the debug and check if the game works correctly.

If you've set it up correctly and the game still won't display, try clearing your web browser's cache to clear your cookies.

Running WebGL compressed with Brotli

The procedure is almost the same as Gzip, replacing the Gzip part with Brotli. However, Brotli (.br) files are not accessible by default in ASP.NET Core. You need to configure it so that you can access it, but if you are using the code at the time of Gzip, it is supported.

First, create a WebGL file deployment and page.

WebGL file placement

wwwrootwebgl-brotli Under Create a folder, copy the , folder from the BuildTemplateData WebGL file you created with Brotli.

Create a Razor Page

Create the file using WebGLBrotli.cshtml the same steps as for Gzip.

The code is as follows with reference to Output in index.html Unity. The path matches the folder you created webgl-brotli earlier for the WebGL files.

@page
@model UnityPublishWebglAspNetCore.Pages.WebGLBrotliModel
@{
}

<div id="unity-container" class="unity-desktop">
  <canvas id="unity-canvas" width=960 height=600></canvas>
  <div id="unity-loading-bar">
    <div id="unity-logo"></div>
    <div id="unity-progress-bar-empty">
      <div id="unity-progress-bar-full"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="unity-warning"> </div>
  <div id="unity-footer">
    <div id="unity-webgl-logo"></div>
    <div id="unity-fullscreen-button"></div>
    <div id="unity-build-title">Platformer</div>
  </div>
</div>

@section Scripts {
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="webgl-brotli/TemplateData/favicon.ico">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="webgl-brotli/TemplateData/style.css">
  <script>
    var container = document.querySelector("#unity-container");
    var canvas = document.querySelector("#unity-canvas");
    var loadingBar = document.querySelector("#unity-loading-bar");
    var progressBarFull = document.querySelector("#unity-progress-bar-full");
    var fullscreenButton = document.querySelector("#unity-fullscreen-button");
    var warningBanner = document.querySelector("#unity-warning");

    // 一時的なメッセージバナー/リボンを数秒間表示するか、
    // type == 'error'の場合はキャンバスの上部に永続的なエラーメッセージを表示します。
    // type == 'warning'の場合、黄色のハイライト色が使用されます。
    // この関数を変更または削除して、重要ではない警告とエラーメッセージがユーザーに表示されるように
    // 視覚的に表示される方法をカスタマイズします。
    function unityShowBanner(msg, type) {
      function updateBannerVisibility() {
        warningBanner.style.display = warningBanner.children.length ? 'block' : 'none';
      }
      var div = document.createElement('div');
      div.innerHTML = msg;
      warningBanner.appendChild(div);
      if (type == 'error') div.style = 'background: red; padding: 10px;';
      else {
        if (type == 'warning') div.style = 'background: yellow; padding: 10px;';
        setTimeout(function() {
          warningBanner.removeChild(div);
          updateBannerVisibility();
        }, 5000);
      }
      updateBannerVisibility();
    }

    var buildUrl = "webgl-brotli/Build";
    var loaderUrl = buildUrl + "/WebGL_Brotli.loader.js";
    var config = {
      dataUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL_Brotli.data.br",
      frameworkUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL_Brotli.framework.js.br",
      codeUrl: buildUrl + "/WebGL_Brotli.wasm.br",
      streamingAssetsUrl: "StreamingAssets",
      companyName: "DefaultCompany",
      productName: "Platformer",
      productVersion: "2.1.0",
      showBanner: unityShowBanner,
    };

    // デフォルトでは、Unity は WebGL キャンバスレンダリングのターゲットサイズを
    // キャンバス要素の DOM サイズ（window.devicePixelRatio でスケーリング）と一致させます。
    // この同期がエンジン内で発生しないようにする場合は、これを false に設定し、
    // 代わりにサイズを大きくします。 キャンバスの DOM サイズと WebGL は、
    // ターゲットサイズを自分でレンダリングします。
    // config.matchWebGLToCanvasSize = false;

    if (/iPhone|iPad|iPod|Android/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
      container.className = "unity-mobile";
      // モバイルデバイスでフィルレートのパフォーマンスを低下させないようにし、
      // モバイルブラウザで低 DPI モードをデフォルト/オーバーライドします。
      config.devicePixelRatio = 1;
      unityShowBanner('WebGL builds are not supported on mobile devices.');
    } else {
      canvas.style.width = "960px";
      canvas.style.height = "600px";
    }
    loadingBar.style.display = "block";

    var script = document.createElement("script");
    script.src = loaderUrl;
    script.onload = () => {
      createUnityInstance(canvas, config, (progress) => {
        progressBarFull.style.width = 100 * progress + "%";
      }).then((unityInstance) => {
        loadingBar.style.display = "none";
        fullscreenButton.onclick = () => {
          unityInstance.SetFullscreen(1);
        };
      }).catch((message) => {
        alert(message);
      });
    };
    document.body.appendChild(script);
  </script>
}

Modify to allow navigation to Index.cshtml this page.

<!-- 省略 -->

<div class="text-center">
    <h1 class="display-4">Welcome</h1>
    <p>Learn about <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/core">building Web apps with ASP.NET Core</a>.</p>
</div>

<!-- 追加 -->
<ul>
  <li><a href="index.html">index.html</a></li>
  <li><a href="WebGL">WebGL</a></li>
  <li><a href="WebGLGzip">WebGLGzip</a></li>
  <li><a href="WebGLBrotli">WebGLBrotli</a></li>
</ul>

Fixing Program.cs

If you modify it when Gzip is supported, you can use the same code.

After fixing it, run debug and check if the game works.

If you've set it up correctly and the game still won't display, try clearing your web browser's cache to clear your cookies.

Understanding the Symptoms of Accessing Brotli Files on an IIS Web Server

Brotli is not supported by IIS by default, so configuration on the IIS side is required. It seems that it can be handled by making advanced settings, but I will not explain it in this tip. Please refer to the information linked below.

error message

Unable to load file webgl-brotli/Build/WebGL_Brotli.framework.js.br! Check that the file exists on the remote server. (also check browser Console and Devtools Network tab to debug)

Output a web-optimized (WebGL) game

Change the game resolution