Vizualizarea transformărilor de coordonate

rezumat

Manipulați parametrii transformării coordonatelor vizualizării.

Mediul de operare

Cerințe preliminare

Mediul de operare

Cum se lucrează cu eșantionul

substanță

Despre transformările de vizualizare

Vă rugăm să consultați pagina următoare pentru o prezentare generală a transformărilor coordonatelor de vizualizare.

• Vizualizați sistemul de coordonate

câmp

În acest caz, vom înlocui parametrii utilizați pentru conversia coordonatelor de vizualizare cu camera și vom opera cei trei parametri de "poziția camerei", "punctul de vedere al camerei" și "direcția în sus".

/// <summary>
/// カメラの位置
/// </summary>
private Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3(2.0f, 4.0f, 20.0f);

/// <summary>
/// カメラの注視点
/// </summary>
private Vector3 cameraTarget = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

/// <summary>
/// カメラの上方方向回転角度(radian)
/// </summary>
private float cameraUpVectorRotate = 0.0f;

Lucrul cu camera

În metoda Game.Update, folosim tastatura și controlerul pentru a manipula fiecare parametru al camerei. Pentru detalii despre fiecare operațiune, consultați "Cum să" în partea de sus a acestei pagini. (Codul de mai jos este extras doar din partea de operare cu gamepad-ul)

GamePadState gamePadState = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One);

float speed = 0.25f;

// カメラの位置を移動させる
this.cameraPosition.X += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.X * speed;
this.cameraPosition.Y += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * speed;

// カメラの注視点を移動させる
this.cameraTarget.X += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.X * speed;
this.cameraTarget.Y += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * speed;

// カメラの上方方向を回転させる
this.cameraUpVectorRotate -= gamePadState.Triggers.Left * speed * 0.2f;
this.cameraUpVectorRotate += gamePadState.Triggers.Right * speed * 0.2f;

Crearea unei matrice de vizualizare

Metoda "Matrix.CreateLookAt" este setată cu fiecare parametru pentru a crea matricea de vizualizare.

Primul argument specifică poziția camerei, al doilea argument specifică punctul de interes al camerei, iar al treilea argument specifică direcția ascendentă a camerei.

În ceea ce privește al treilea argument, "direcția ascendentă a camerei", vectorul este calculat prin rotirea în jurul axei Z pe baza direcției axei Y (0,1,0).

// ビューマトリックス作成
Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(
        this.cameraPosition,
        this.cameraTarget,
        Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Up,
                          Matrix.CreateRotationZ(this.cameraUpVectorRotate))
    );

Matrix.CreateLookAt metodă

Creați o matrice de vizualizare pentru sistemul de coordonate pentru dreapta.

Vector3.Transform metodă

Transformați vectorul într-o transformare de coordonate.

Matrix.CreateRotationZ metodă

Creați o matrice de rotație în jurul axei Z.

Un set de matrice de vizualizare

Cutia este plasată în punctul de interes, astfel încât poziția punctului de interes al camerei să fie ușor de înțeles. În plus, este setată o matrice de vizualizare pentru fiecare efect.

foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.box.Meshes)
{
    foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
    {
        // ライトの設定
        effect.EnableDefaultLighting();

        // ボックスの位置をカメラの注視点に合わせる
        effect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(this.cameraTarget);

        // ビューマトリックスを設定
        effect.View = view;

        // プロジェクションマトリックス設定
        effect.Projection = projection;
    }

    mesh.Draw();
}

Toate codurile

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
#if WINDOWS_PHONE
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch;
#endif

namespace ViewMatrix
{
    /// <summary>
    /// ゲームメインクラス
    /// </summary>
    public class GameMain : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// グラフィックデバイス管理クラス
        /// </summary>
        private GraphicsDeviceManager graphics = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// スプライトのバッチ化クラス
        /// </summary>
        private SpriteBatch spriteBatch = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// スプライトでテキストを描画するためのフォント
        /// </summary>
        private SpriteFont font = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// ボックスモデル
        /// </summary>
        private Model box = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// XYZモデル
        /// </summary>
        private Model xyz = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// カメラの位置
        /// </summary>
        private Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3(2.0f, 4.0f, 20.0f);

        /// <summary>
        /// カメラの注視点
        /// </summary>
        private Vector3 cameraTarget = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        /// <summary>
        /// カメラの上方方向回転角度(radian)
        /// </summary>
        private float cameraUpVectorRotate = 0.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// 自動動作フラグ
        /// </summary>
        private int autoMode = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// マウスボタン押下フラグ
        /// </summary>
        private bool isMousePressed = false;


        /// <summary>
        /// GameMain コンストラクタ
        /// </summary>
        public GameMain()
        {
            // グラフィックデバイス管理クラスの作成
            this.graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);

            // ゲームコンテンツのルートディレクトリを設定
            this.Content.RootDirectory = "Content";

#if WINDOWS_PHONE
            // Windows Phone のデフォルトのフレームレートは 30 FPS
            this.TargetElapsedTime = TimeSpan.FromTicks(333333);

            // バックバッファサイズの設定
            this.graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 480;
            this.graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 800;

            // フルスクリーン表示
            this.graphics.IsFullScreen = true;
#endif
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが始まる前の初期化処理を行うメソッド
        /// グラフィック以外のデータの読み込み、コンポーネントの初期化を行う
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Initialize()
        {
            // TODO: ここに初期化ロジックを書いてください

            // コンポーネントの初期化などを行います
            base.Initialize();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが始まるときに一回だけ呼ばれ
        /// すべてのゲームコンテンツを読み込みます
        /// </summary>
        protected override void LoadContent()
        {
            // テクスチャーを描画するためのスプライトバッチクラスを作成します
            this.spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(this.GraphicsDevice);

            // フォントをコンテンツパイプラインから読み込む
            this.font = this.Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Font");

            // ボックスモデルを読み込み
            this.box = this.Content.Load<Model>("Box");

            // XYZ軸モデルを読み込み
            this.xyz = this.Content.Load<Model>("XYZ");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが終了するときに一回だけ呼ばれ
        /// すべてのゲームコンテンツをアンロードします
        /// </summary>
        protected override void UnloadContent()
        {
            // TODO: ContentManager で管理されていないコンテンツを
            //       ここでアンロードしてください
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 描画以外のデータ更新等の処理を行うメソッド
        /// 主に入力処理、衝突判定などの物理計算、オーディオの再生など
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gameTime">このメソッドが呼ばれたときのゲーム時間</param>
        protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState();
            MouseState mouseState = Mouse.GetState();
            GamePadState gamePadState = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One);

            // Xbox 360 コントローラ、Windows Phone の BACK ボタンを押したときに
            // ゲームを終了させます
            if (gamePadState.Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
            {
                this.Exit();
            }

            // マウスによる自動動作切り替え
            if (this.isMousePressed == false &&
                mouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed)
            {
                this.isMousePressed = true;

                this.autoMode = (this.autoMode + 1) % 6;
            }
            this.isMousePressed = mouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed;

            float speed = 0.25f;

            // カメラの位置を移動させる
            this.cameraPosition.X += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.X * speed;
            this.cameraPosition.Y += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * speed;
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left))
            {
                this.cameraPosition.X -= speed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right))
            {
                this.cameraPosition.X += speed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down))
            {
                this.cameraPosition.Y -= speed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up))
            {
                this.cameraPosition.Y += speed;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 1)
            {
                this.cameraPosition.X = (float)Math.Sin(gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds) * 10.0f;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 2)
            {
                this.cameraPosition.Y = (float)Math.Sin(gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds) * 10.0f;
            }

            // カメラの注視点を移動させる
            this.cameraTarget.X += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.X * speed;
            this.cameraTarget.Y += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * speed;
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A))
            {
                this.cameraTarget.X -= speed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.S))
            {
                this.cameraTarget.X += speed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Z))
            {
                this.cameraTarget.Y -= speed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.W))
            {
                this.cameraTarget.Y += speed;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 3)
            {
                this.cameraTarget.X = (float)Math.Sin(gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds) * 10.0f;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 4)
            {
                this.cameraTarget.Y = (float)Math.Sin(gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds) * 10.0f;
            }

            // カメラの上方方向を回転させる
            this.cameraUpVectorRotate -= gamePadState.Triggers.Left * speed * 0.2f;
            this.cameraUpVectorRotate += gamePadState.Triggers.Right * speed * 0.2f;
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.X))
            {
                this.cameraUpVectorRotate -= speed * 0.2f;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.C))
            {
                this.cameraUpVectorRotate += speed * 0.2f;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 5)
            {
                this.cameraUpVectorRotate = (float)gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds;
            }

            // 登録された GameComponent を更新する
            base.Update(gameTime);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 描画処理を行うメソッド
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gameTime">このメソッドが呼ばれたときのゲーム時間</param>
        protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            // 画面を指定した色でクリアします
            this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

            // 深度バッファを有効にする
            this.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;

            // ビューマトリックス作成
            Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(
                this.cameraPosition,
                this.cameraTarget,
                Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Up,
                                  Matrix.CreateRotationZ(this.cameraUpVectorRotate))
            );

            // プロジェクションマトリックス作成
            Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                    MathHelper.PiOver4,
                    (float)this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width /
                        (float)this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height,
                    1.0f,
                    100.0f
                );

            ///// ボックスモデル /////

            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.box.Meshes)
            {
                foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
                {
                    // ライトの設定
                    effect.EnableDefaultLighting();

                    // ボックスの位置をカメラの注視点に合わせる
                    effect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(this.cameraTarget);

                    // ビューマトリックスを設定
                    effect.View = view;

                    // プロジェクションマトリックス設定
                    effect.Projection = projection;
                }

                mesh.Draw();
            }

            ///// XYZ軸モデル /////

            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.xyz.Meshes)
            {
                foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
                {
                    // ライトの設定
                    effect.EnableDefaultLighting();

                    // 原点に配置
                    effect.World = Matrix.Identity;

                    // ビューマトリックスを設定
                    effect.View = view;

                    // プロジェクションマトリックス設定
                    effect.Projection = projection;
                }

                mesh.Draw();
            }

            // スプライトの描画準備
            this.spriteBatch.Begin();

            // カメラの情報を表示
            this.spriteBatch.DrawString(this.font,
                "CameraPosition : {" +
                    this.cameraPosition.X.ToString("f2") + ", " +
                    this.cameraPosition.Y.ToString("f2") + "}" + Environment.NewLine +
                "CameraTarget : {" +
                    this.cameraTarget.X.ToString("f2") + ", " +
                    this.cameraTarget.Y.ToString("f2") + "}" + Environment.NewLine +
                "CameraUpVectorRotate : " + this.cameraUpVectorRotate.ToString("f2") + Environment.NewLine +
                "MousePressAutoMode : " + this.autoMode,
                new Vector2(20, 20), Color.White);

            // スプライトの一括描画
            this.spriteBatch.End();

            // 登録された DrawableGameComponent を描画する
            base.Draw(gameTime);
        }
    }
}