Transformarea coordonatelor proiective

rezumat

Manipularea parametrilor transformării coordonatelor proiective.

Mediul de operare

Cerințe preliminare

Mediul de operare

Cum se lucrează cu eșantionul

substanță

Despre transformările coordonate proiective

Vă rugăm să consultați următoarea pagină pentru o prezentare generală a transformărilor coordonate proiective.

• Sistem de coordonate proiective

câmp

Patru parametri sunt pregătiți astfel încât parametrii utilizați pentru conversia coordonatelor proiective să poată fi manipulați: "unghi de vizualizare", "raport de aspect" și "poziție de tăiere (înainte, înapoi)".

/// <summary>
/// 視野角(radian)
/// </summary>
private float angle = 45.0f;

/// <summary>
/// アスペクト比
/// </summary>
private float aspect = 1.0f;

/// <summary>
/// 手前のクリッピング位置
/// </summary>
private float nearLimit = 1.0f;

/// <summary>
/// 奥のクリッピング位置
/// </summary>
private float farLimit = 100.0f;

Lucrul cu parametrii

În metoda Game.Update, folosim tastatura și controlerul pentru a manipula fiecare parametru. Pentru detalii despre fiecare operațiune, consultați "Cum să" în partea de sus a acestei pagini. (Codul de mai jos este extras doar din partea de operare cu gamepad-ul)

Setați viewunghiul în intervalul "0 < x < π". (În exemplu, când creăm transformarea proiectivă, o convertim din grad în radian, deci aici este "0 < x < 180.")

Raportul de aspect nu trebuie să fie mai mic sau egal cu 0.

Pozițiile clemei înainte și înapoi nu trebuie inversate. Nu trebuie setat la 0 sau mai puțin.

GamePadState gamePadState = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One);

///// 視野角を増減させる /////
float angleSpeed = 0.05f;
this.angle += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * this.angle * angleSpeed;

// 視野角は０～１８０度までの範囲とする
if (this.angle <= 0.0f)
{
    this.angle = 0.0001f;
}
else if (this.angle >= 180.0f)
{
    this.angle = 179.9999f;
}

/////// アスペクト比 /////
float aspectSpeed = 0.01f;
this.aspect -= gamePadState.Triggers.Left * this.aspect * aspectSpeed;
this.aspect += gamePadState.Triggers.Right * this.aspect * aspectSpeed;

/////// 奥のクリッピング位置 /////
float clipSpeed = 0.05f;
this.farLimit += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * this.farLimit * clipSpeed;

if (this.farLimit <= this.nearLimit)
{
    // 手前のクリッピング位置よりも手前に来てはいけない
    this.farLimit = this.nearLimit + 0.0001f;
}

Crearea unei matrice de proiecție

Matricea de proiecție este creată prin setarea fiecărui parametru în metoda "Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView".

Primul argument este unghiul de vizualizare în radiani. În eșantion, unitatea de grad este convertită în radian folosind metoda "MathHelper.ToRadians".

Al doilea argument specifică raportul de aspect (raportul de aspect), al treilea argument specifică poziția de tăiere înainte, iar al patrulea argument specifică poziția de tăiere înapoi.

// プロジェクションマトリックスを作成
Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
        MathHelper.ToRadians(this.angle),
        this.aspect,
        this.nearLimit,
        this.farLimit
    );

Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView metodă

Creează o matrice de proiecție în perspectivă bazată pe setările câmpului de vizualizare.

Set de matrice de proiecție

O matrice de proiecție este setată pentru fiecare efect.

foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.model.Meshes)
{
    foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
    {
        // プロジェクションマトリックスを設定
        effect.Projection = projection;
    }

    // モデルを描画
    mesh.Draw();
}

Toate codurile

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
#if WINDOWS_PHONE
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch;
#endif

namespace ProjectionMatrix
{
    /// <summary>
    /// ゲームメインクラス
    /// </summary>
    public class GameMain : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// グラフィックデバイス管理クラス
        /// </summary>
        private GraphicsDeviceManager graphics = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// スプライトのバッチ化クラス
        /// </summary>
        private SpriteBatch spriteBatch = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// スプライトでテキストを描画するためのフォント
        /// </summary>
        private SpriteFont font = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// モデル
        /// </summary>
        private Model model = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 視野角(radian)
        /// </summary>
        private float angle = 45.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// アスペクト比
        /// </summary>
        private float aspect = 1.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// 手前のクリッピング位置
        /// </summary>
        private float nearLimit = 1.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// 奥のクリッピング位置
        /// </summary>
        private float farLimit = 100.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// 自動動作フラグ
        /// </summary>
        private int autoMode = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// マウスボタン押下フラグ
        /// </summary>
        private bool isMousePressed = false;


        /// <summary>
        /// GameMain コンストラクタ
        /// </summary>
        public GameMain()
        {
            // グラフィックデバイス管理クラスの作成
            this.graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);

            // ゲームコンテンツのルートディレクトリを設定
            this.Content.RootDirectory = "Content";

#if WINDOWS_PHONE
            // Windows Phone のデフォルトのフレームレートは 30 FPS
            this.TargetElapsedTime = TimeSpan.FromTicks(333333);

            // バックバッファサイズの設定
            this.graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 480;
            this.graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 800;

            // フルスクリーン表示
            this.graphics.IsFullScreen = true;
#endif
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが始まる前の初期化処理を行うメソッド
        /// グラフィック以外のデータの読み込み、コンポーネントの初期化を行う
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Initialize()
        {
            // TODO: ここに初期化ロジックを書いてください

            // コンポーネントの初期化などを行います
            base.Initialize();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが始まるときに一回だけ呼ばれ
        /// すべてのゲームコンテンツを読み込みます
        /// </summary>
        protected override void LoadContent()
        {
            // テクスチャーを描画するためのスプライトバッチクラスを作成します
            this.spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(this.GraphicsDevice);

            // フォントをコンテンツパイプラインから読み込む
            this.font = this.Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Font");

            // モデルを作成
            this.model = this.Content.Load<Model>("Model");

            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.model.Meshes)
            {
                foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
                {
                    // デフォルトのライト適用
                    effect.EnableDefaultLighting();

                    // ビューマトリックスをあらかじめ設定
                    effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(
                        new Vector3(3.0f, 3.0f, 6.0f),
                        Vector3.Zero,
                        Vector3.Up
                    );
                }
            }

            // アスペクト比の初期値を設定
            this.aspect = (float)this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが終了するときに一回だけ呼ばれ
        /// すべてのゲームコンテンツをアンロードします
        /// </summary>
        protected override void UnloadContent()
        {
            // TODO: ContentManager で管理されていないコンテンツを
            //       ここでアンロードしてください
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 描画以外のデータ更新等の処理を行うメソッド
        /// 主に入力処理、衝突判定などの物理計算、オーディオの再生など
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gameTime">このメソッドが呼ばれたときのゲーム時間</param>
        protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState();
            MouseState mouseState = Mouse.GetState();
            GamePadState gamePadState = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One);

            // Xbox 360 コントローラ、Windows Phone の BACK ボタンを押したときに
            // ゲームを終了させます
            if (gamePadState.Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
            {
                this.Exit();
            }

            // マウスによる自動動作切り替え
            if (this.isMousePressed == false &&
                mouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed)
            {
                this.isMousePressed = true;

                this.autoMode = (this.autoMode + 1) % 4;
            }
            this.isMousePressed = mouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed;

            ///// 視野角を増減させる /////
            float angleSpeed = 0.05f;
            this.angle += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * this.angle * angleSpeed;
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down))
            {
                this.angle -= this.angle * angleSpeed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up))
            {
                this.angle += this.angle * angleSpeed;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 1)
            {
                this.angle = (float)(Math.Sin(gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds) + 1.0f) * 90.0f;
            }

            // 視野角は０～１８０度までの範囲とする
            if (this.angle <= 0.0f)
            {
                this.angle = 0.0001f;
            }
            else if (this.angle >= 180.0f)
            {
                this.angle = 179.9999f;
            }

            /////// アスペクト比 /////
            float aspectSpeed = 0.01f;
            this.aspect -= gamePadState.Triggers.Left * this.aspect * aspectSpeed;
            this.aspect += gamePadState.Triggers.Right * this.aspect * aspectSpeed;
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left))
            {
                this.aspect -= this.aspect * aspectSpeed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right))
            {
                this.aspect += this.aspect * aspectSpeed;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 2)
            {
                this.aspect = (float)(Math.Sin(gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds) + 1.0f) * 2.0f;
            }

            /////// 奥のクリッピング位置 /////
            float clipSpeed = 0.05f;
            this.farLimit += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * this.farLimit * clipSpeed;
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Z))
            {
                this.farLimit -= this.farLimit * clipSpeed;
            }
            if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A))
            {
                this.farLimit += this.farLimit * clipSpeed;
            }
            if (this.autoMode == 3)
            {
                this.farLimit = (float)(Math.Sin(gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds) + 1.0f) * 8.0f;
            }

            if (this.farLimit <= this.nearLimit)
            {
                // 手前のクリッピング位置よりも手前に来てはいけない
                this.farLimit = this.nearLimit + 0.0001f;
            }

            // 登録された GameComponent を更新する
            base.Update(gameTime);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 描画処理を行うメソッド
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gameTime">このメソッドが呼ばれたときのゲーム時間</param>
        protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            // 画面を指定した色でクリアします
            this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

            // プロジェクションマトリックスを作成
            Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                    MathHelper.ToRadians(this.angle),
                    this.aspect,
                    this.nearLimit,
                    this.farLimit
                );

            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.model.Meshes)
            {
                foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
                {
                    // プロジェクションマトリックスを設定
                    effect.Projection = projection;
                }

                // モデルを描画
                mesh.Draw();
            }

            // スプライトの描画準備
            this.spriteBatch.Begin();

            // テキストをスプライトとして描画する
            this.spriteBatch.DrawString(this.font,
                "Angle : " + this.angle + Environment.NewLine +
                "Aspect : " + this.aspect + Environment.NewLine +
                "NearLimit : " + this.nearLimit + Environment.NewLine +
                "FarLimit : " + this.farLimit + Environment.NewLine +
                "MousePressAutoMode : " + this.autoMode,
                new Vector2(50, 50), Color.White);

            // スプライトの一括描画
            this.spriteBatch.End();

            // 登録された DrawableGameComponent を描画する
            base.Draw(gameTime);
        }
    }
}