Sodba o trku žoge na žogo

Povzetek

Krogla, ki zajema vsak model, se uporablja za presojo zadetkov. V tem vzorcu se zaznavanje trkov izvaja za dva modela krogel.

Delovno okolje

Predpogoji

Delovno okolje

Kako delati z vzorcem

snov

O sodbi Hit

V strelskih igrah in akcijskih igrah pride do različnih trkov, kot so trki med liki in kroglami ter trki med liki, zato je treba napisati program, s katerim jih boste sodili. V programu se to običajno imenuje zaznavanje trkov. Obstajajo različni vzorci udarne presoje, od preprostih do zapletenih matematično in fizično. Na splošno so igre pogosto narejene za zmanjšanje obremenitve obdelave in ne natančnosti, in če na tem območju ni ekstremnega odstopanja, ni pomembno, če ni natančno.

Ta nasvet opisuje najpogostejše in najmanj obremenjujoče zaznavanje zadetkov "krogla na žogo". Ker gre za kroglo in kroglo, govorimo o presoji trka v tridimenzionalnem prostoru, vendar je mogoče skoraj enak proces nadomestiti s trki med krogi v dvodimenzionalnem prostoru.

Kako deluje sodba z žogo in žogo

Za določanje trka krogel in krogel se uporabljata dva parametra: "položaj" vsakega modela in "polmer" velikosti modela. Da bi ugotovili, ali sta ta dva parametra pravilna, je enostavno razumeti, če pogledamo spodnjo sliko.

• P: Lega modela L: Razdalja med dvema točkama (P2-P1) R: Polmer krogle

Če je "razdalja med obema modeloma" "L" in "vsota polmerov obeh modelov" "R", potem "L < R" pomeni, da trčita. Po drugi strani pa, če je "L > R", to pomeni, da ni trka. Zaznavanje trka "L = R" prav tako ni pomembno.

polje

/// <summary>
/// モデル
/// </summary>
private Model model = null;

/// <summary>
/// モデルの基本包括球
/// </summary>
private BoundingSphere baseBoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();

/// <summary>
/// 球１の位置
/// </summary>
private Vector3 sphere1Position = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

/// <summary>
/// 球２の位置
/// </summary>
private Vector3 sphere2Position = new Vector3(1.5f, 0.0f, -3.0f);

/// <summary>
/// 球１の包括球
/// </summary>
private BoundingSphere sphere1BoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();

/// <summary>
/// 球２の包括球
/// </summary>
private BoundingSphere sphere2BoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();

/// <summary>
/// 衝突フラグ
/// </summary>
private bool isCollision = false;

Za postopek odkrivanja zadetkov lahko napišete svoj program, vendar ima XNA Framework strukturo, imenovano "BoundingSphere", ki omogoča enostavno ravnanje s parametri krogle in zaznavanjem zadetkov, zato bi ga rad uporabil.

Vsak ModelMesh naloženega razreda modelov že vsebuje informacije o krogli "BoundingSphere", ki zajema model, zato smo pripravili polje "baseBoundingSphere", da ga pridobimo.

Druge značilnosti vključujejo položaj vsake krogle, BoundingSphere, ki se uporablja za določanje vpliva dveh krogel, in zastavo trka.

Tovor

// モデルを作成 
this.model = this.Content.Load<Model>("Sphere"); 

// 包括球取得 
this.baseBoundingSphere = this.model.Meshes[0].BoundingSphere; 

// 各モデル用の包括球半径設定 
this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Radius = this.baseBoundingSphere.Radius; 
this.sphere2BoundingSphere.Radius = this.baseBoundingSphere.Radius;

Vsak ModelMesh v modelu ima lastnost BoundingSphere, ki vam omogoča, da dobite informacije o sferi, ki vključuje model v ModelMesh. Ker ima model, ki ga uporabljamo, en sam ModelMesh, smo kopirali vključujočo sfero od prvega indeksa do baseBoundingSphere.

Ker je polmer krogle fiksen, je polmer prednastavljen v lastnosti polmera obeh BoundingSpheres.

Hit sodba

// 衝突判定用の球を設定 
this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Center = 
    this.sphere1Position + this.baseBoundingSphere.Center; 
this.sphere2BoundingSphere.Center = 
    this.sphere2Position + this.baseBoundingSphere.Center; 

// 衝突判定 
this.isCollision = 
    this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Intersects(this.sphere2BoundingSphere);

Uporabite metodo BoundingSphere.Intersects za določanje trkov krogle v sfero. Ker že imamo nastavljen polmer za obe BoundingSpheres, nastavimo lastnost BoundingSphere.Center na položaj krogle plus osrednje koordinate prvotne krovne krogle. Dodane so osrednje koordinate prvotne sfere, ker središče vključujoče sfere ni nujno izvor.

Če določite drugo BoundingSphere kot argument za BoundingSphere.Intersects, bo vrnil bool, da vidi, ali trči ali ne, zato ga dobimo. Ta zastavica se uporablja za risanje znakov, da se preveri, ali so pravilni.

Kako izračunati sodbo zadetka

XNA Framework zagotavlja uporabno strukturo za zaznavanje trkov, imenovano BoundingSphere, ki se lahko uporablja ne samo za krogle, temveč tudi za trke različnih oblik, kot so žarki (črte) in škatle.

Če pa gre za trk med kroglami, ga lahko določimo s preprostim izračunom brez uporabe BoundingSphere.Intersects.

• Rezultat (ali je zadet) = razdalja med položajem krogle 2 in položajem krogle 1 < polmera krogle 1 + polmer krogle 2

Če ga napišete programsko

this.isCollision = (this.sphere2Position - this.sphere1Position).Length() <
                   (this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Radius + this.sphere2BoundingSphere.Radius);

Gre za. (Zgornji postopek zaznavanja trkov predpostavlja, da je središče vključujoče sfere izvor, kot popolna krogla, zato ne upošteva središča vključujoče sfere modela.) Če upoštevate, bo izgledalo takole)

this.isCollision = ((this.sphere2Position + this.baseBoundingSphere.Center) -
                        (this.sphere1Position + this.baseBoundingSphere.Center)).Length() <
                   (this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Radius + this.sphere2BoundingSphere.Radius);

Vse kode

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
#if WINDOWS_PHONE
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch;
#endif

namespace CollisionSphereAndSphere
{
    /// <summary>
    /// ゲームメインクラス
    /// </summary>
    public class GameMain : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// グラフィックデバイス管理クラス
        /// </summary>
        private GraphicsDeviceManager graphics = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// スプライトのバッチ化クラス
        /// </summary>
        private SpriteBatch spriteBatch = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// スプライトでテキストを描画するためのフォント
        /// </summary>
        private SpriteFont font = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// モデル
        /// </summary>
        private Model model = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// モデルの基本包括球
        /// </summary>
        private BoundingSphere baseBoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();

        /// <summary>
        /// 球１の位置
        /// </summary>
        private Vector3 sphere1Position = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        /// <summary>
        /// 球２の位置
        /// </summary>
        private Vector3 sphere2Position = new Vector3(1.5f, 0.0f, -3.0f);

        /// <summary>
        /// 球１の包括球
        /// </summary>
        private BoundingSphere sphere1BoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();

        /// <summary>
        /// 球２の包括球
        /// </summary>
        private BoundingSphere sphere2BoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();

        /// <summary>
        /// 衝突フラグ
        /// </summary>
        private bool isCollision = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// 前回のマウスの状態
        /// </summary>
        private MouseState oldMouseState;


        /// <summary>
        /// GameMain コンストラクタ
        /// </summary>
        public GameMain()
        {
            // グラフィックデバイス管理クラスの作成
            this.graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);

            // ゲームコンテンツのルートディレクトリを設定
            this.Content.RootDirectory = "Content";

#if WINDOWS_PHONE
            // Windows Phone のデフォルトのフレームレートは 30 FPS
            this.TargetElapsedTime = TimeSpan.FromTicks(333333);

            // バックバッファサイズの設定
            this.graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 480;
            this.graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 800;

            // フルスクリーン表示
            this.graphics.IsFullScreen = true;
#endif
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが始まる前の初期化処理を行うメソッド
        /// グラフィック以外のデータの読み込み、コンポーネントの初期化を行う
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Initialize()
        {
            // TODO: ここに初期化ロジックを書いてください

            // コンポーネントの初期化などを行います
            base.Initialize();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが始まるときに一回だけ呼ばれ
        /// すべてのゲームコンテンツを読み込みます
        /// </summary>
        protected override void LoadContent()
        {
            // テクスチャーを描画するためのスプライトバッチクラスを作成します
            this.spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(this.GraphicsDevice);

            // フォントをコンテントパイプラインから読み込む
            this.font = this.Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Font");

            // モデルを作成
            this.model = this.Content.Load<Model>("Sphere");

            // 包括球取得
            this.baseBoundingSphere = this.model.Meshes[0].BoundingSphere;

            // 各モデル用の包括球半径設定
            this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Radius = this.baseBoundingSphere.Radius;
            this.sphere2BoundingSphere.Radius = this.baseBoundingSphere.Radius;

            // あらかじめパラメータを設定しておく
            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.model.Meshes)
            {
                foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
                {
                    // デフォルトのライト適用
                    effect.EnableDefaultLighting();

                    // ビューマトリックスをあらかじめ設定
                    effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(
                        new Vector3(0.0f, 10.0f, 1.0f),
                        Vector3.Zero,
                        Vector3.Up
                    );

                    // プロジェクションマトリックスをあらかじめ設定
                    effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                        MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f),
                        (float)this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width /
                            (float)this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height,
                        1.0f,
                        100.0f
                    );
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ゲームが終了するときに一回だけ呼ばれ
        /// すべてのゲームコンテンツをアンロードします
        /// </summary>
        protected override void UnloadContent()
        {
            // TODO: ContentManager で管理されていないコンテンツを
            //       ここでアンロードしてください
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 描画以外のデータ更新等の処理を行うメソッド
        /// 主に入力処理、衝突判定などの物理計算、オーディオの再生など
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gameTime">このメソッドが呼ばれたときのゲーム時間</param>
        protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            KeyboardState keyboardState = Keyboard.GetState();
            MouseState mouseState = Mouse.GetState();
            GamePadState gamePadState = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One);

            // Xbox 360 コントローラ、Windows Phone の BACK ボタンを押したときに
            // ゲームを終了させます
            if (gamePadState.Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
            {
                this.Exit();
            }

            float speed = 0.1f;

            // 球１の位置を移動させる
            if (gamePadState.IsConnected)
            {
                this.sphere1Position.X += gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.X * speed;
                this.sphere1Position.Z -= gamePadState.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * speed;
            }
            if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left))
            {
                this.sphere1Position.X -= speed;
            }
            if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right))
            {
                this.sphere1Position.X += speed;
            }
            if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down))
            {
                this.sphere1Position.Z += speed;
            }
            if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up))
            {
                this.sphere1Position.Z -= speed;
            }
            if (mouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed)
            {
                // 直前にマウスの左ボタンが押されていない場合は差分を０にする
                if (this.oldMouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Released)
                {
                    this.oldMouseState = mouseState;
                }

                this.sphere1Position += new Vector3((mouseState.X - this.oldMouseState.X) * 0.01f,
                                                   0,
                                                   (mouseState.Y - this.oldMouseState.Y) * 0.01f);
            }

            // マウスの状態記憶
            this.oldMouseState = mouseState;

            // 衝突判定用の球を設定
            this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Center =
                this.sphere1Position + this.baseBoundingSphere.Center;
            this.sphere2BoundingSphere.Center =
                this.sphere2Position + this.baseBoundingSphere.Center;

            // 衝突判定
            this.isCollision =
                this.sphere1BoundingSphere.Intersects(this.sphere2BoundingSphere);

            // 登録された GameComponent を更新する
            base.Update(gameTime);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 描画処理を行うメソッド
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gameTime">このメソッドが呼ばれたときのゲーム時間</param>
        protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            // 画面を指定した色でクリアします
            this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

            // 深度バッファを有効にする
            this.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;

            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in this.model.Meshes)
            {
                // 球１を描画
                foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
                {
                    // ワールドマトリックス（位置指定）
                    effect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(this.sphere1Position);
                }
                mesh.Draw();

                // 球２を描画
                foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects)
                {
                    // ワールドマトリックス（位置指定）
                    effect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(this.sphere2Position);
                }
                mesh.Draw();
            }

            // スプライトの描画準備
            this.spriteBatch.Begin();

            // 衝突判定表示
            this.spriteBatch.DrawString(this.font,
                "IsCollision : " + this.isCollision,
                new Vector2(30.0f, 30.0f), Color.White);

            // スプライトの一括描画
            this.spriteBatch.End();

            // 登録された DrawableGameComponent を描画する
            base.Draw(gameTime);
        }
    }
}